利用父母本微卫星标记估计大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性状的遗传参数     

胡玉龙  官健涛  马雨  孔杰  王伟继 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(2):126-130

The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study.  相似文献   

基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析     

王陌桑  王伟继  肖广侠  刘克奉  胡玉龙  田涛  孔杰  金显仕 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(8):51-56

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.  相似文献   

北极秋季海冰密集度与中国初冬降雨之间的关系   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘娜  林丽娜  孔彬  王颖杰  张占海  陈红霞 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(5):73-78

本文通过对中国地区实测降水及北极海冰卫星数据的分析,研究了北极秋季海冰密集度与中国初冬降雨的关系。合成分析的研究结果表明2000年之前中国南方和北方冬季降水偏少,中部降水偏多,这之后中国南方和北方冬季降水增加,中部降水减少。SVD研究结果显示,北极海冰减少使得近三十年来中国南方和北方冬季降雨呈现逐渐增多,中部地区(从青藏高原向东北方向至日本)降雨逐步减少的趋势。随着北极海冰的进一步减少,如遇合适的气候条件,南方冻雨出现的概率会加大。北极秋季海冰异常的回复过程加之冬季海冰异常的延续信号在中国、蒙古及日本北部激发一个阻塞高压,以巴伦支海/卡拉海为中心激发一个异常低压。这使得来自北冰洋大西洋扇区的冷空气南下至欧洲大陆和亚洲北部,在阻塞高压的影响下,冷空气进一步南下,进入东亚地区。这不仅使得亚洲冬季温度降低,也为中国北部降水增加提供条件。  相似文献   

中国省际人口迁移的多边效应机制分析   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6  

蒲英霞  韩洪凌  葛莹  孔繁花 《地理学报》2016,71(2):205-176

区际人口迁移不仅与迁出地和目的地的要素特征以及距离有关,而且还受到周边迁移流的影响.基于网络自相关理论,利用"六普"省际人口迁移数据和相关统计资料,在重力模型的基础上考虑迁移流之间可能存在的几种空间依赖形式,构建中国省际迁移流的空间OD模型,初步揭示区域经济社会等因素及其空间溢出效应对省际人口迁移的影响,并就区域要素变化对整个省际人口迁移系统产生的"连锁反应"进行了模拟.结果表明:① 中国省际迁移流之间存在显著的网络自相关效应.目的地和迁出地的自相关效应皆为正,导致迁入和迁出流的空间效仿行为;迁出地和目的地周边则出现负的自相关效应,导致迁移流的空间竞争行为;② 区域经济社会等因素通过网络空间关系对周边地区产生的多边溢出效应导致迁移流在空间上集聚.其中,距离衰减效应位居各要素之首,其溢出效应进一步加剧距离的摩擦作用;对目的地而言,区域工资水平和迁移存量超过GDP的影响并产生正的溢出效应,促进周边地区吸引更多的外来人口;对迁出地而言,人口规模和迁移存量产生正的溢出效应,推动周边地区人口外迁;③ 区域要素变化潜在地对整个省际人口迁移系统产生一系列"连锁反应",震荡中心及其周边区域的迁移流波动较大.江苏省GDP增长5%的模拟结果表明,江苏迁往全国其他省份的人口数量都有不同程度地减少,而其他省份入迁人口均有所增加.相对而言,江苏周边省份的迁入或迁出流受到的波动较大,偏远省份波及较小,这是传统的重力模型所无法解释的.  相似文献   

40Ar‐39Ar Dating of the Mahuaping W‐Be deposit,Northwestern Yunnnan Province,China, and its Geological Significance     

JIA Fudong  ZHANG Changqing  LIU Huan  HUA Zhixin  KONG Zhigang  MENG Xuyang 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):864-865

正Objective Located near the intersection of Yangtze craton,TibetSanjiang orogen and Songpan-Ganzi orogen of Northwest Yunnan Province,the Mahuaping deposit is a unique large-scale tungsten-beryllium-fluorite ore deposit ever discovered in this area.In recent years,many studies have been carried out in Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic belt and  相似文献   

Evaluation of groundwater quality and pollution in Daqing Oilfield          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ting-wen  WANG Li-huan  WANG Lin-shu  KONG Qing-xuan 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(1):40-48

Daqing Oilfield is located in the northeast of Songnen Plain in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, which is a petrochemical industry gathering place based on petroleum refining, chemical industry, chemical fiber and fertilizer. In recent years, the quantity demand of petroleum and petrochemical production for groundwater in Daqing Oilfield is growing, and it’s of great significance to analyze and study the quality and pollution degree of groundwater for groundwater exploitation, utilization and protection. In this paper, groundwater quality of Daqing Oilfield evaluated by Nemerow Index is poor, and most points are Class IV groundwater; When evaluating groundwater pollution by hierarchical ladder method, the results show that the severe and extremely severe pollution points account for 34.48% in shallow phreatic water and 20% in deep confined water, showing that shallow groundwater is more seriously polluted than the deep. The main components influencing the quality of groundwater in the study area are total hardness, total dissolved solids, Cl-, SO42- and so on, which are affected by both the native environment and human activities; The main pollution components in groundwater are nitrite and nitrate nitrogen which are affected by human activities. Daqing Oilfield groundwater pollution is characterized by inorganic pollution, while organic components related to human activities contribute less to the groundwater pollution currently.  相似文献   

青海东昆仑东段加当橄榄辉长岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义     

孔会磊  李金超  栗亚芝  贾群子  国显正  张斌 《地质学报》2018,92(5):964-978

东昆仑古特提斯域镁铁—超镁铁质岩石的研究极为薄弱,对青海东昆仑东段加当橄榄辉长岩进行岩相学、年代学和地球化学分析,以期为东昆仑晚古生代—早中生代构造岩浆演化提供新的约束。利用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年技术,获得橄榄辉长岩加权平均年龄为249.7±3.0Ma(n=21,MSWD=0.105),表明岩体形成时代为早三叠世。岩石地球化学研究表明,加当橄榄辉长岩具有高Al_2O_3(14.71%~18.60%)、低TiO_2(0.07%~0.19%)、贫P2O5(0.02%)、低碱(K_2O+Na_2O=1.65%~2.01%)及Na_2OK_2O的特征,属亚碱性辉长岩。岩石微量元素总体上富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb、Sr、Ba、Th、K)和Pb,相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Ti),稀土元素总量较低,ΣREE=9.79×10~(-6)~12.55×10~(-6),(La/Yb)N为5.61~28.51,平均11.43,显示轻稀土富集的特征,δEu=1.64~2.48,具有明显的Eu正异常。根据地球化学特征和微量元素判别图解,橄榄辉长岩源区为被俯冲改造的岩石圈幔源岩浆,岩浆在演化过程中遭受了上地壳物质的同化混染,并经历了一定程度的结晶分异作用。结合东昆仑区域构造演化,认为加当橄榄辉长岩是早三叠世阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋北向俯冲阶段岩浆活动的产物。  相似文献   

内蒙古陶来托斑岩型钼矿综合找矿信息提取及找矿潜力     

巩智镇  徐国  刘俊杰  邱广东  武利文  孔凡吉 《世界地质》2018,37(3):813-825

对内蒙古陶来托钼多金属勘查区进行地质、地球物理、地球化学综合找矿信息的提取来评价矿区找矿潜力。结果表明,陶来托钼多金属矿是一个以斑岩型钼矿为主的勘查区,发现了斑岩型钼矿床及多处热液脉型铅锌银矿(化)点。成矿岩体为早白垩世花岗斑岩,控矿构造为北东-北北东向断裂。斑岩型钼矿化区与环状激电异常和环状磁异常对应性较好,显示出中低视极化率异常为矿致异常的特征。1∶5万化探异常元素由钼矿化区至铅锌银矿化区表现出Mo、W—Ag、Pb、Zn的侧向分带特征。根据综合找矿信息提取及斑岩型矿床成矿系列建立,指出区内钼矿找矿潜力较大,并预测钼矿区北西侧为热液脉型铅锌银矿的成矿有利地段。  相似文献   

北京市地面沉降分布及典型灾害类型初探     

赵龙  武增宽  李玉梅  罗勇  沙特  刘贺  田苗壮  孔祥如 《城市地质》2018,(2):51-56

地面沉降为北京主要次生地质灾害之一,近年来呈现快速发展趋势,对城市规划发展和经济建设的影响日趋明显。目前对于北京地面沉降灾害类型及特征认识较为局限,缺乏全面、系统认识。本文通过区域水准测量监测数据及以往调查资料的搜集整理,结合现场调查,阐明了北京地面沉降分布特征,总结归纳了地面沉降灾害类型及特征,发现区域性地面沉降形成的以井管抬升为代表的点状破坏现象,该类灾害以点为中心呈辐射状分布,影响范围较小。局部差异沉降形成包括墙体开裂、地表开裂及桥梁开裂等具有线状破坏形式的灾害,该类灾害多呈线性沿固定方向延伸,影响范围较大。  相似文献   

GPS高层建筑物动态特性的小波分析提取     

王涛  田林亚  孔令杰  张洋 《测绘科学》2018,(4):100-104,108

针对高层建筑物GPS动态监测数据特点,该文将小波分析技术应用于高层建筑物动态特性提取,研究了数据处理时4种阈值选取准则的好坏,针对观测数据不同阶段振幅和频率不同,提出分段、分层处理数据的思想,为了获得更全面的观测信号,将小波包分析应用于数据处理。结果表明:自适应阈值准则更适用于高层建筑物动态数据处理,采用分段分层的处理方法,既能满足去噪要求又能提取丰富的变形信息,小波包分析能有效提取高层建筑物动态特性,保留更多的动态信息。  相似文献